Light is an important environmental factor for most organisms because it regulates many physiological functions and behaviors. Central to this regulation is a photoreceptive molecule called melanopsin and its actions within the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), neurons that send signals from the retina to the brain. Little is known about the ipRGCs of primates. Liu et al. developed a…
Sacituzumab govitecan, a novel antibody drug-conjugate therapy has been granted accelerated approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of metastatic HR+, HER2- breast cancer. The FDA action was based on the results of TROPICS-02, a study in which Dana-Farber’s Sara Tolaney, MD, MPH, helped lead and which was presented at the European Society of Medical Oncology…
The brain’s cerebral cortex produces perception based on the sensory information it’s fed through a region called the thalamus. “How the thalamus communicates with the cortex is a fundamental feature of how the brain interprets the world,” said Elly Nedivi, William R. and Linda R. Young Professor in The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory at MIT. Despite the importance of…
Not all SARS-CoV-2 infections are created equal. We have learned this through multiple virus waves are taking their toll on the world’s population. Improving vaccines and new anti-viral therapies that target distinct viral molecules (antigens) and the changes they undergo over time have helped to soften this blow. However, to control the disease even better and everywhere, we have to…
Graduate student Colin Kim had been making good progress on a scientific puzzle that had fascinated him since he joined Whitehead Institute Member Jing-Ke Weng’s lab, trying to understand how coumarin synthase (COSY), an enzyme that plants use to make agriculturally and medicinally important molecules called coumarins, does its job. A series of successful experiments had illuminated many of COSY’s…
Immunotherapy — drug treatment that stimulates the immune system to attack tumors — works well against some types of cancer, but it has shown mixed success against lung cancer. A new study from MIT helps to shed light on why the immune system mounts such a lackluster response to lung cancer, even after treatment with immunotherapy drugs. In a…
David Keener, a PhD candidate in the Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, has received a Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award Individual Predoctoral Fellowship from the National Institute for Neurological Diseases and Stroke. The grant will help fund Keener’s project on Rett syndrome, a genetic neurodevelopmental disease generally diagnosed in girls 6 to 18 months old that eventually…
A common sign of Alzheimer’s disease is the excessive buildup of two types of protein in the brain: tangles of tau proteins that accumulate inside cells, and amyloid-β proteins that form plaques outside the cells. Researchers don’t know how these protein deposits are related to the other major hallmark of the disease: the death of neurons in the brain. A…
Prostate cancer harboring BRCA1/2 mutations are often exceptionally sensitive to PARP inhibitors. However, genomic alterations in other DNA damage response genes have not been consistently predictive of clinical response to PARP inhibition. Here, we perform genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screens in BRCA1/2-proficient prostate cancer cells and identify previously unknown genes whose loss has a profound impact on PARP inhibitor response. Specifically, MMS22L deletion, frequently observed…
Inside cells, events can unfold quickly. Sub-cellular compartments constantly re-arrange while proteins move along structural fibers and membranes fuse and divide. By attaching fluorescent tags to sub-cellular structures, researchers can watch events unfold in real time using light microscopes. But to see the finest details of these processes, scientists need to shift from using light microscopy to using beams of…
